Charlottesville: University of . Primary source material on the history of European witch trials, including: Hopkins, Matthew. That there is no sexual intercourse between the Devil and human beings. Dillinger, Johannes. Sobiech, Frank, Jesuit Prison Ministry in the Witch Trials of the Holy Roman Empire: Friedrich Spee SJ and His Cautio Criminalis (1631) (Rome: . The most famous witch trial in history happened in Salem, Massachusetts, during the winter and spring of 1692-1693. Trials at Innsbruck (1485) Discovery of the Americas (1492) Pope Alexander VI (r. 1492-1503) . The economic scene at the time of the witch craze was very apparent during the period between 1480-1700. Sample results. The main primary sources that were used for this research paper were the Samael Wyllys papers, which are a much of documents from Connecticut that contain information of various witch trials throughout the Connecticut area. Between 1400 to 1782, when Switzerland tried and executed Europe's last supposed witch, between 40,000 and 60,000 people were put to death for witchcraft, according to historical consensus. This list includes a selection of events, people, books and more directly and indirectly related to the Witch Hunts. (Ithaca/New York) sowie an der Stadtbibliothek Trier; mit einem Inventar ', Kurtrierisches Jahrbuch, 47 (2007), 447-89. These writings, by the "Anonymous of Arras" (believed to be the trial judge Jacques du Bois) and the intellectual Johannes Tinctor, offer valuable . Trier Witch Trials (Germany, 1581 - 1593) Fulda Witch Trials (Germany, 1603 - 1606) Basque Witch Trials (Spain, 1609 onwards) Wrzburg Witch Trial (Germany, 1626 - 1631) Bamberg Witch Trial (Germany, 1626 - 1631) North Berwick Witch Trial (Scotland, 1590). It belonged to the largest witch trials in history, among the largest during the Thirty Years' War, and one of the four largest witch trials in Germany alongside the Trier witch trials, the Fulda witch trials, and the Wrzburg witch trial. It is generally accepted that the European witch hunts took place between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, with the 'craze' reaching its peak during the seventeenth century. Its historical 4 Sir Hugh Trevor-Roper, The European Witch Craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The worst of it was that you didn't even have to be a witch to be accused, tortured and executed as one. Here, they are grouped according to the following categories: The Wrzburg witch trials of 1625-1631, which took place in the self-governing Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Wrzburg in the Holy Roman Empire in present-day Germany, is one of the biggest mass trials and mass executions ever seen in Europe, and one of the biggest witch trials in history. Witch trials were most common in Central Europe, in Germany, France, Switzerland, and what is now Belgium. Trials (Heresy) History to 1500. A massive annotated listing of recent publications in the area can be found at the Witchcraft Bibliography site Primary sources, with a focus on trials in Germany, and some witchcraft literature . Sample results. Here are our sources: Secondary Sources. 6 people confessed against Junius . Scotland itself saw about 4,000 people burned alive at the stake for witchcraft, an enormous number . But before the Salem witch hunt, there was the "Great Hunt": a larger, more prolonged European phenomenon between . The Period of the Witch Trials. During the trials he became one of the primary witch-hunters that accused and prosecuted some 306 persons between 1587 and 1594. Over an extended period these trial resulted in the executions of around 1,000 people.

1616.

Further, bad weather in the 1620s was causing crop failures, famine and plague. The most thoroughly recorded trial of Bamberg was the Johannes Junius trial.

Salem Witch Trials of 1692.

The Witch of Endor from the Bible, Circe from the Odyssey, Morgan le Fay of Arthurian myth, Prospero and the Weird Sisters from Shakespeare are among the most prominent. Much of the evidence against them was hearsay, although there was a confession by . The Salem witch trials of the 1690s have an iconic place in American lore. The motives behind this massive witch-purging. In this comprehensive primary source reader, Martha Rampton traces the history of our fascination with magic and witchcraft from the first through to the seventeenth century.

The book Hexen und Hexenprozesse (Witches and Witch Trials) states that trials were "intended only to produce a confession by the accused, by means of persuasion, pressure, or force."Torture was common. P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, eds. Lutheranism and experienced witchcraft trials in the years 1620-1630. Identified witches' marks may have been just moles, scars, birthmarks, skin tags, supernumerary nipples, natural blemishes or insensitive patches of skin. The family consisted of father Paulus, mother Anna, two older sons Jacob and Gumpprecht, and the youngest son, ten-year-old Hoel. "Evil People" : A Comparative Study of Witch Hunts in Swabian Austria and the Electorate of Trier. c) A speech that refers to an . The witch trials in both Spain and Salem took place in the 17th century, albeit on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The Northamptonshire witch trials took place on July 22, 1612, and saw the execution of five men and women for the charges of witchcraft ranging from the bewitching of pigs to murder. Magic, witches, and demons have drawn interest and fear throughout human history. Church leaders coveting rich property, neighbors with . The first English witchcraft pamphlet that we know of was published in 1566; they stopped in 1597 and didn't re-emerge as a genre until 1612. 'Ensayos (Trials)' by Francisco Goya, part of the Los caprichos series criticising Spanish superstitions, 1797-1798. Hall, Alaric. That spirit and form apart from matter cannot be seen by man. Trials (Witchcraft) History to 1500. . Book Sources: Witchcraft in Europe A selection of books/e-books available in Trible Library. His diagnosis of bewitchment put into motion the forces that would ultimately result in the hanging deaths of 19 men and women. A general overview, with some links on the history of witchcraft. Witch trials were somewhat less common in Scotland, Scandinavia, and Poland.

For the purposes of my research on witchcraft in Lorraine . Binsfeld was elected suffragan bishop of Treves (Trier) and became one of the primary witch hunters behind the trials of 306 persons accused of Witchcraft between 1587 and 1594. The 1692-1693 Salem Witch Trials were a brief outburst of witch hysteria in the New World at a time when the practice was already waning in Europe. Michael Akita, II G-HI 130 Introductory Methods for Historical Analysis Primary Documents Summis desiderantes 1. . a. Witchcraft can be sewed into clothes A woman is accused of witchcraft, . In 1581, Johann von Schnenberg was appointed archbishop of the independent diocese of Trier. 1 (April 2005): 19-36.

Then came the Council of Basel that played a prominent role in the dissemination of witchcraft. Ankarloo, Bengt, et al.

This article discusses the history of Russian witchcraft trials, which were characterized by a high percentage of men among the accused, relatively infrequent discussion of diabolism, and harsh, inquisitorial legal procedures. Witchcraft in Trier The Period of the Witch Trials.

In 1600, the entire Pappenheimer family was tried and executed for witchcraft in Bavaria, Germany in one of the worst examples of the excesses of the witch craze in Germany. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. The Wrzburg witch preliminary is among the most significant Witch Trials in the Early Modern time frame: it was one of the four biggest witch preliminaries in Germany nearby the Trier witch preliminaries, the Fulda witch preliminaries, and the Bamberg witch preliminaries. Some descriptions have links to online secondary and primary sources (as noted) and/or note is taken of those primary sources in Kors & Peters.For a chronological and geographical ordering, go to the Witch Hunt Timeline. This probably represents around 20% of all the trials that took place within the Duchy proper between approximately 1570 and 1632. Lots of the sources in this resource are legal documents that relate to witchcraft trials. Potts, Thomas. The Witch Trials - Trier Witch Trials (Germany, 1581 - 1593), Magic & Healing Crystals, Metals, and Gemstones, Witchcraft Across the World - Near and Middle East.

The distinctive political, religious, and social history of Russia in the early modern period, its relative cultural isolation, the teachings of Orthodox Christianity . The 55 year old mayor of Bamberg, liked by the people and supposedly considered an enemy to no one. In January of 1692, the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris of Salem Village became ill. William Griggs, the village doctor, was called in when they failed to improve. Anne Llewellyn Barstow has controversially referred to the trials as a 'mass murder of women', while Thea Jensen, even more controversially, dubbed them a .

However, witch trials are not a thing of the past.

Witch trials, a series of hearings whereby courts would decide on whether the accused was in fact a witch and should be punished, have had many explanations ascribed to them. Two villages were left with only one woman in them.

13. Trier witch trials (Pamphlett, 1594) The Cathedral of Trier. Click the title for location and availability information.

Witch hunts often took place at a time of upheaval, warfare, famine or disease.

Witch-like figures in early history and literature abound. That neither devils nor witches can raise tempests, rain, storms, hailstorms, and the like, and that the things said about these are mere dreams. "The Culpability of James VI of Scotland, later James I of England, in the North Berwick witchcraft trials of 1590-91." Kieckhefer, R. (1976), European witch trials: their foundations in popular and learned culture, 1300 . The Doruchw witch trial was a witch trial which took place in the village of Doruchw in Poland in the 18th century. A plaque commemorating the executions on the wall of Rougemont Castle in Exeter. Between the year 1431 to 1437, Duke Trials (Heresy) History to 1500. b) A photograph taken at an event. Charlottesville: University of . Documents, broadsides, letters, and other manuscripts concerning witchcraft and witchcraft trials in Europe, mainly in Germany, through the early modern period, with a few documents from New England. Although it appears he had success in 1488 in Trier and Metz, and again in Nuremberg in 1491, it appears that Jacob Sprenger silenced him, at least in Germany (Jerouschek, 1991). A Treatise of Witchcraft. The motives behind this massive witch-purging were likely political. The earliest trials of the 1560s focused almost exclusively on poor, older women. Antoninus, Florentinus, Summa theologica, . Famous Witch Trials The period of witch trials from the 16th to 18th centuries was one of the darkest chapters in human history. What surprised you about this source? When a local doctor was unable to cure the girls, a supernatural cause was suggested and . It's a very Salem-like connection between tragic history and contemporary consumerism. In the 1990s, useful historical material was not easy to find online. Lher, Hermann, active active 1676. The Witchcraft Act (9 Geo. however primary line that isolates the offensive force from the . Creator: no primary creator Bekker, Balthasar, 1634-1698. The Witches 1697. The Salem witch trials of the 1690s have an iconic place in American lore. From an economics standpoint, these focus on them being a response to falling incomes. When a person was accused of witchcraft an Indictment would be drawn up, then witnesses would be called,. Above: Newes from Scotland, a contemporary pamphlet dealing with the North Berwick witch trials. . a) A newspaper article about an event.

If you have any questions, please email us at requests@utorontopress.com. Temperance Lloyd, Mary Trembles and Susannah Edwards were tried in 1682 in the town of Bideford in Devon. Trier witch trials (1581-1593), the .

Roberts, Alexander. Then, especially in the years 1628-1630, a new wave of witch hunts broke out in the Holy Roman Empire . The relationship between "witchcraft" and "Wicca" only gets more complicated from here. It was the last mass trial of sorcery and witchcraft in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The witch trials of North Berwick are particularly noteworthy due to the sheer number of 'witches', the consensus being around 70, that were tried from such a tiny and seemingly insignificant town in Scotland, on this single occasion. (Hutton Counting the Witch Hunt). The .

Loos, Cornelius, approximately 1546-1595. During this period Europe was in a state of instability, therefore money, and exploration was important to many.

It thus marks the end point of the period Witch trials in the Early Modern period for Great . Which of the following is a primary source of information? These writings, by the "Anonymous of Arras" (believed to be the trial judge Jacques du Bois) and the intellectual Johannes Tinctor, offer valuable . The witch hunts reached their peak after the biggest witch trials were held in Europe, notably the Trier witch trials (1581-1593), the Fulda witch trials (1603-1606), the Wrzburg witch trial (1626-1631) and the Bamberg witch trials (1626-1631). A general overview, with some links on the history of witchcraft. Off campus access instructions (for e-books) A Collection of Rare and Curious Tracts on Witchcraft and the Second Sight; with an original essay on witchcraft by David Webster When he took power in 1581, he ordered the purging of Jews, Protestants, and witches. The Bamberg Witch Trials. In February 1692 a girl became ill, and at the same time her playmates also exhibited unusual behavior. This is the first complete and accessible English translation of two major source textsTinctor's Invectives and the anonymous Recollectiothat arose from the notorious Arras witch hunts and trials in the mid-fifteenth century in France. According to author Carol F. Karlsen . Religion motivated both acts: In Salem, colonists had left the Church of England and taken up Puritanism, a religion by which they wanted everyone to abide. 5 Stalin's show trials, in contrast, had the annihilation of his political opponents as one of their primary purposes and in this sense were closer to inquisitions. History . Several primary sources discussing the persecution of witches in Trier (Western Germany).

The Northamptonshire trials marked a significant turning point in the attitudes . The great age of witch trials, which ran between 1550 and 1700, fascinates and repels in equal measure. This is the first complete and accessible English translation of two major source textsTinctor's Invectives and the anonymous Recollectiothat arose from the notorious Arras witch hunts and trials in the mid-fifteenth century in France. Primary Sources Secondary Sources . The Witch Trials. Christian Shaw, the ten-year-old daughter of the laird of Bargarran near Erskine, fell mysteriously ill. Katherine had shouted curses at Christian in a fit of rage, but nowadays we do not think that Christian was bewitched. Courtesy of the Rijksmuseum The Witch-Cult Hypothesis and the Suppression of Paganism "It is impossible to understand the witch-cult without first understanding the position of the chief personage of that cult. 5 Robin Briggs, Witches and Neighbours: The Social and Cultural Context of European . . 1647. Sources for Salem Witch Hunt: Primary Source: Letters from the Witch Trial of Rebecca Lemp: a family deals with accusations.

As the witch hunts progressed and the accused were tortured to name other witches, more and more men and upper class people were implicated (Midelfort 179). 12. sources, while "witchcraft" is frequently rendered as koldovstvo or charodeistvo.

and trans., The Russian Primary Chronicle (Cambridge, Mass., 1953), 134, 151-52. When we think about hysterical witch hunts and the fury of a frenzied mob, our thoughts go to the events in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Individual Cases. Being accused of witchcraft is problematic at the best of times, but in the 1500s and 1600s -- at the height of the witch hysteria, it was downright deadly. (Credit: Insights/Getty Images) One of the largest witch trials in European history started in the rural diocese of Trier in 1581, eventually reaching the city itself six years later. The archives of the ancient Duchy of Lorraine contain an exceptionally rich set of witchcraft trials, with full documentation surviving for about 400 cases. "Getting Shot of Elves: Healing, Witchcraft and Fairies in the Scottish Witchcraft Trials." Folklore 116, no. View Primary Document Worksheets 2021.docx from HIST G-HI130 at McPherson College. He considered multiple people friends, but even a friend will crack when they are subjected to enough pain. Over the course of a century and a half, 80,000 people were tried for witchcraft and half of . From the 1590s, they became more literary with increasing amounts of narrative and a greater focus on the suffering of . This page is from Hanover College's Internet Archive of Texts and Documents, which we no longer actively maintain. Four women and one man were hanged at the Abington gallows for their crimes. One was pressed to death by heavy stones.

He spoke out against them publicly 12 Examples of Witch-Hunts TRIER WITCH TRIALS, GERMANY 1581-1593 Between 1587 and 1593, 368 people were burned for being witches in the Trier district in Germany. This one is interesting because it involves King James VI of Scotland, later I of England. Witchcraft Trials in Seventeenth-Century Russia 1189 drought. The Discovery of Witches.

It was led by Archbishop of Trier, Johann von Schneburg, who ruled through tyranny and cruelty. Still, European witch trials and these . [1]" The accounts of early pamphlets were usually based on transcribed legal documents. Although the trials in Franconia, including Eichsttt, and Swabian Ellwangen have been regarded together as "the absolute peak of . Witchcraft in Trier Ankarloo, Bengt, et al.

Trials (Witchcraft) History to 1500. Dietrich Flade, a court judge, opposed the Trier witch-hunts. This woodcut depicts alleged events of 1590-1, including the king's ship . Across New England, where witch trials occurred somewhat regularly from 1638 until 1725, women vastly outnumbered men in the ranks of the accused and executed. One of the largest witch trials in European history started in the rural diocese of Trier in 1581, eventually reaching the city itself six years later. Trier Witch Trials One of the largest witch trials in Europe's history started in 1581, in the rural diocese of Trier before spreading to the city. "Evil People" : A Comparative Study of Witch Hunts in Swabian Austria and the Electorate of Trier.

In the early trials of Wiesensteig and Rothenburg, 95 to 100% of the accused fit this stereotype. witchcraft. The majority of the Witchcraft Collection was acquired in the 1880s through the collaborative efforts of Andrew Dickson White, Cornell's first President, and his first librarian, George Lincoln Burr. Trials (Witchcraft) Germany.

Perhaps most significantly, the former did not in general serve competitive ends by executing witchprosecutors' confessional rivals. Heritage Images/Getty Images / Getty Images. II c. 5) was a law passed by the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1735 which made it a crime for a person to claim that any human being had magical powers or was guilty of practising witchcraft.The maximum penalty set out by the Act was a year's imprisonment. Dillinger, Johannes. St. Peter's Cathedral, Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In response to The Hammer of Witches and the papal bull issued by Pope Innocent VIII, major witch hunts broke out in Europe. Now, harboring a mysterious newborn, she could lose her life. They formed one of the four largest witch trials in Germany alongside the Fulda witch trials, the Wrzburg witch trial, and the Bamberg witch trials.

However, if one really wants to see where hatred and fear . The collection documents the earliest and the latest manifestations of the belief in witchcraft as well as its geographical boundaries, and . In Scotland, the main phases of the witchcraze were the late 1620s, the late 1640s and 1661-2. In Spain, the Catholic Church sought heretics for punishment, and in .

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Trier (1581-1593) The Trier witch trials that occurred in Germany were by far one of the biggest in Europe. Schnenberg greatly admired the order of the Jesuits in which he was "Wonderfully addicted"; he built them a college, and as a part of his efforts to demonstrate his convictions, he ordered the purging of three groups in the society; first he rooted out the Protestants, then . The Witch Trials of Trier in Germany in the years from 1581 to 1593 were perhaps the biggest witch trials in European history. London: Athlone, 2002. Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright.

Trier (1581-1593) Trial of Walpurga Hausmannin of Dillingen (d. 1587) .

Indeed, charges of witchcraft and trials of suspected witches are increasing. Trier: Germany, 1581 - 1593. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. In 17th Century Germany on the brink of the Thirty Years War, 24-year-old Katarina is traded to the patrician Sebald Tucher by her fianc Willi Prutt in order to pay his debts. Witchcraft Collection An eyewitness to persecutions, canon Linden of Trier, Germany states that people used the trials for economic enhancement. It was surrounded by Catholic areas, and had a significant Catholic minority. Instead of considering natural causes or the mistakes of politicians, people would blame mysterious witches, in league with the Devil, for these misfortunes. Accusations of witchcraft required no evidence of guilt. Trials (Witchcraft) Germany. The region was gripped by a terrible blight on crops, and the public readily blamed their troubles on the evildoing of witches. The witch trials conducted by the inquisitors of Lausanne from 1438 were examples of the early noticeable witch trials, which were involved by secular judges just like the later trials.